Mixed Conditional Sentences: Menggabungkan If‑Clause Berbeda Waktu

Hi Englishnesian!

Pernah nggak -kalian membayangkan, “Kalau aja aku nggak ketiduran waktu itu, mungkin sekarang aku udah kerja di tempat impian”? Kalimat semacam itu sangat umum dalam bahasa Indonesia, dan dalam bahasa Inggris, bentuk pengandaian seperti ini disebut Mixed Conditional Sentences.

Buat kita para Englishnesian, memahami mixed conditional itu penting banget. Karena dalam hidup, banyak keputusan masa lalu yang kita kaitkan dengan situasi sekarang. Nah, di sinilah Mixed Conditional berperan—membantu kita mengekspresikan "penyesalan masa lalu yang berdampak pada masa kini".

Meski artikel tentang Conditional Sentences Type 1, 2, dan 3 sudah banyak, masih banyak Englishnesian yang belum akrab dengan tipe campuran ini—terutama yang menggabungkan past perfect dengan would + verb. Artikel ini akan membahas struktur kalimatnya, bedanya dengan tipe lain, serta contoh penggunaannya yang relevan dengan kehidupan kita sehari-hari.

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Apa Itu Mixed Conditional Sentences?

Mixed Conditional Sentences adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang "mencampurkan" dua waktu berbeda antara klausa pengandaian (if-clause) dan klausa utama (main clause). Dalam konteks kali ini, kita membahas:

Past result that affects the present → Kejadian yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu, tetapi berdampak pada situasi saat ini.

Bentuk ini dikenal juga dengan nama Mixed Type 3–2, karena if-clause-nya mirip Type 3 (masa lalu), dan main clause-nya mirip Type 2 (sekarang).

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Struktur Kalimat Mixed Conditional

Rumus Umum:

If + Past Perfect, ... would + Verb (bare infinitive)

Penjelasan Komponen Kalimat

• If + Past Perfect
  → Menyatakan situasi yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu.
  Contoh bentuk: had gone, had studied, had taken
  Contoh: If I had studied medicine...

• Would + Verb (bare infinitive)
  → Menyatakan akibatnya sekarang, yang akan terjadi kalau masa lalu tadi benar-benar terjadi.
  Contoh: ...I would be a doctor.

🔁 Jadi, kita menyatukan masa lalu (yang tidak terjadi) dengan efek sekarang (yang dibayangkan seandainya masa lalu berbeda).

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Contoh Kalimat Mixed Conditional + Terjemahan

1.
Kalimat:

If I had gone to university abroad, I would live in Canada now.
Terjemahan:
Kalau dulu aku kuliah di luar negeri, sekarang aku tinggal di Kanada.

2.
Kalimat:

If he had taken the promotion, he would be a manager today.
Terjemahan:
Kalau dia dulu menerima promosi itu, sekarang dia sudah jadi manajer.

3.
Kalimat:

If we had bought that land in 2010, we would be rich now.
Terjemahan:
Kalau kita beli tanah itu tahun 2010, sekarang kita sudah kaya.

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Variasi Urutan Kalimat

Kalimat Mixed Conditional bisa ditulis dengan dua susunan:

1. If-clause di awal kalimat → butuh koma.

   If she had accepted the scholarship, she would study in the UK now.

2. Main clause di awal → tanpa koma.

   She would study in the UK now if she had accepted the scholarship.

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Perbandingan Mixed Conditional dengan Conditional Sentences Lain

Type 2 Conditional

• If-Clause: Simple Past
• Main Clause: Would + Verb
• Fokus Waktu: Present unreal (Situasi khayalan tentang masa sekarang)

Contoh Kalimat:

If I studied medicine, I would be a doctor.
(Kalau aku kuliah kedokteran, aku sekarang seorang dokter.)

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Type 3 Conditional

• If-Clause: Past Perfect
• Main Clause: Would have + V3
• Fokus Waktu: Past unreal (Situasi khayalan tentang masa lalu)

Contoh Kalimat:

If I had studied medicine, I would have become a doctor.
(Kalau dulu aku kuliah kedokteran, aku sudah menjadi seorang dokter.)

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Mixed Conditional (Type 3–2)

• If-Clause: Past Perfect
• Main Clause: Would + Verb
• Fokus Waktu: Present result dari past unreal (Hasil masa sekarang dari kejadian masa lalu yang tidak terjadi)

Contoh Kalimat:

If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
(Kalau dulu aku kuliah kedokteran, sekarang aku sudah menjadi seorang dokter.)

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Kapan Kita Menggunakan Mixed Conditionals?

Gunakan Mixed Conditional tipe ini saat:

• -kalian ingin menyampaikan penyesalan tentang masa lalu
• Tapi dampaknya masih terasa hingga sekarang
• Misalnya:

  If I had joined Englishnesia last year, I would speak English better now.

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Kesalahan Umum & Cara Menghindarinya

❌ Salah bentuk di if-clause

If I would have taken the class, I would speak better now. ❌
✅ If I had taken the class, I would speak better now.

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❌ Pencampuran bentuk tanpa aturan

If I had went to the party, I would be happy now. ❌
✅ If I had gone to the party, I would be happy now.

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Quiz: Tes Pemahaman -kalian Yuk!

Soal Pilihan Ganda

1. If I had prepared for the interview, I ____ more confident now.
a. am
b. would be
c. would have been
d. will be

2. Which sentence is a correct Mixed Conditional?
a. If I study hard, I would pass.
b. If I studied hard, I would pass.
c. If I had studied hard, I would pass.
d. If I had studied hard, I would have pass.

3. They ____ in Surabaya now if they had accepted the job offer.
a. will live
b. would live
c. would have lived
d. are living

4. If you had gone to the seminar, you ____ more insights now.
a. will have
b. have
c. would have had
d. would have

5. If she had started earlier, she ____ here by now.
a. would be
b. would have been
c. is
d. be

6. Which sentence shows a present result of a past condition?
a. If I had called her, I would be married now.
b. If I call her, I would be married.
c. If I had called her, I would marry.
d. If I call her, I would have married.

7. Choose the sentence with correct Mixed Conditional structure:
a. If I knew the answer, I would pass the test.
b. If I had known the answer, I would pass the test.
c. If I had known the answer, I will pass the test.
d. If I had knew the answer, I would passed the test.

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Kunci Jawaban:

1. b
2. c
3. b
4. d
5. a
6. a
7. b

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Mixed Conditional bukan cuma teori grammar — ini adalah cara kita, para Englishnesian, mengekspresikan penyesalan, harapan, dan kemungkinan yang tak jadi kenyataan. Semakin kita terbiasa dengan pola kalimat ini, semakin nyambung cara kita berpikir dalam bahasa Inggris!

Coba deh -kalian tulis 3 kalimat Mixed Conditional berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi. Bisa aja soal kuliah, kerja, atau kisah cinta. Latihan langsung jauh lebih efektif daripada cuma membaca.

Next step? Yuk lanjutkan eksplorasi kalian ke materi Inversion, Participle Clause, atau Complex Sentence biar grammar -kalian makin mantap! 🚀